All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. Latin, which means “of one`s own will”. Often designates a court acting in a case without either party asking for it. Non-insolvency proceedings in which an applicant or creditor attempts to submit its claim to a debtor`s future wages. In other words, the creditor requests that part of the debtor`s future salary be paid to him for a debt owed to him. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. Latin, which means “in law”. Something that exists by law.

The legal power of a court to hear and decide a particular type of case. It is also used as a synonym for jurisdiction, i.e. the geographical area over which the court has territorial jurisdiction to rule on cases. A court decision in a previous case with facts and points of law similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally “follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. A written statement filed in court or an appeal that explains a party`s legal and factual arguments. Written statements submitted to the court outlining a party`s legal or factual allegations about the case. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. The right as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent.

Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. Latin, which means “new”. A de novo study is a completely new study. The de novo review of the appeal does not imply any consideration for the trial judge`s decision. Latin, which means “for the court”. In appellate courts, it often refers to an unsigned opinion. The study of the law and the structure of the legal system gives instructions from the judge to the jury before it begins its deliberations on the factual questions to be answered and the legislation to be applied. Latin, which means in the chamber of a judge. Often means outside the presence of a jury and the public.

In private. Latin, which means “you have the body”. A writ of habeas corpus is usually a court order that requires law enforcement to produce a detainee they are holding and to justify the detainee`s continued detention. Federal judges receive habeas corpus petitions from state prison inmates who claim their prosecutor`s office violated state-protected rights in some way. Governmental body empowered to settle disputes. Judges sometimes use the term “court” to refer to themselves in the third person, as in “the court read the pleadings.” An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. French, which means “on the bench”. All the judges of a court of appeal sit together to hear a case, contrary to the usual decision of the three-judge chambers. In the Ninth Judicial Circuit, a bench jury consists of 11 randomly selected judges. With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate “fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction).

In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in “legal cases,” but not in “fairness” cases. A proceeding brought by a single party before the court, without the other party having notified or contested it. 1. The question of the dispute between the parties to the dispute; 2. To be sent officially, as in a court that makes an order. Property promised as security for the execution of a debt. debts secured by a mortgage, pledge or other lien; Debts for which the creditor has the right to pursue certain pledged assets in the event of late payment. Examples include residential mortgages, car loans, and tax privileges. A Chapter 7 case where no assets are available to satisfy certain unsecured claims of creditors.